Современные тенденции развития наноматериалов и их применение в медицине
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52889/Ключевые слова:
наноматериал, регенерация тканей, наночастицы, нанокристаллыАннотация
Наноматериалы представляют собой перспективный класс биоматериалов с широким применением в медицине, особенно в тканевой инженерии, травматологии и регенеративной медицине. Среди них наноцеллюлоза, получаемая из возобновляемых растительных источников, выделяется благодаря высокой механической прочности, большой поверхности, биодеградируемости и антимикробным свойствам. Эти характеристики делают ее привлекательной для заживления ран, доставки лекарств и восстановления костной ткани.
Однако наноцеллюлоза не обладает собственной биологической активностью, необходимой для стимуляции регенерации костей. Для решения этой проблемы разрабатываются композиты, объединяющие наноцеллюлозу с остеоактивными материалами - фосфатами кальция, силикатами и углеродными нанотрубками. Такие сочетания улучшают механические свойства, биоактивность и контролируемость деградации, что делает их перспективными для создания костных имплантатов.
Предклинические исследования, включая модели дефектов бедренной кости у крыс показали, что композиты на основе наноцеллюлозы обеспечивают регенерацию костной ткани на уровне или выше по сравнению с традиционными материалами, такими как аутологичные сгустки крови. Гистологический анализ выявил хорошую интеграцию с тканями, слабую воспалительную реакцию, достаточную васкуляризацию и низкий риск бактериального заражения.
Обзор обобщает достижения в использовании наноцеллюлозы в регенерации костей и травматологии, отмечает ее ограничения, а также перспективы дальнейшего развития и клинического применения.
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